Free download specific literature of reference
Here you can download the full papers of specific topics that Luís Vilar and Science of Football research team use to ground their arguments.
Small-sided and conditioned games (SSCGs) are an example of the application of constraints-led approach for teaching football, consisting in modified games played on reduced pitch areas, often using adapted rules and involving a smaller number of players than traditional games. One of the main advantages of SSCGs is that the variability present in the task allows players to experience a variety of movement patterns that best fits the dynamics of the environment.
Performance analysis is a subdiscipline of sports sciences and one- approach, notational analysis, has been used to objectively audit and describe behaviours of performers during different subphases of play, providing additional information for practitioners to improve future sports performance. On the other hand, ecological dynamics is providing a valid theoretical explanation of performance in team sports by explaining the formation of successful and unsuccessful patterns of play, based on symmetry- breaking processes emerging from functional interactions between players and the performance environment.
Affordances are defined by the complementary relations between objective, real and physical properties and are ecological, since they are properties of the environment relative to a performer (Turvey & Shaw, 1999). Affordances, therefore, are the starting point for the ecological study of what humans perceive, what they learn and know, and how they decide and act (Turvey, 1992). This view implies that, for an affordance, what a substance, etc., is and what a substance, etc. means are not separate. The constraining of behaviour by detected affordances includes, in one unitary activity, the processes of perceiving and conceiving (Turvey & Shaw, 1999).
This topic describes and evaluates the novel utility of network methods for understanding human interpersonal interactions within social neurobiological systems such as sports teams. Literature showa how collective system networks are supported by the sum of interpersonal interactions that emerge from the activity of system agents (such as players in a sports team). The number of interactions between team members resulted in varied intra-team coordination patterns of play, differentiating between successful and unsuccessful performance outcomes.
Representative design is a concept initially proposed by Egon Brunswik (1956) that implies the need to ensure that practice task constraints represent the competitive performance environment so that learners can maintain the same perceptual-motor relations with key individuals, events and objects.
Team sport competition can be characterized as a complex adaptive system in which concepts from nonlinear dynamics can provide a sound theoretical framework to understand emergent behavior such as movement coordination and decision making in game play. Constraints-led approach is presented as a methodology for games teaching, capturing how phenomena such as movement variability, self-organization, emergent decision making, and symmetry-breaking occur as a consequence of interactions between agent-agent and agent-environment constraints.
TACTO software was originally created by Fernandes in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 programming language. THis device has been continuously improved since its original version. It was created to collect and analyse the physical performance of football players. TACTO has been adapted to different goals in several studies, ranging from the measurement of physical performance to measuring players' behavioural patterns in many sports or to the codification of certain action categories.
The theory of direct perception holds that perception is specific to properties of ambient energy arrays. This topic explores a similar approach to perceptual and perceptual-motor learning: Change due to learning is portrayed as specific to properties of ambient energy arrays. This type of learning is labeled direct learning. It is argued that a theory of direct learning explains a wide range of phenomena in ecologically relevant and informationally rich situations as well as in simpler experimental situations.
Often coaches have players spending more time in activities that were deemed less relevant to soccer match performance, termed ‘‘training form’’ (e.g. physical training, technique and skills practices), than activities deemed more relevant, termed ‘‘playing form’’ (e.g. small-sided/conditioned games and phase of play activities). Coaches provide high levels of instruction, feedback, and management, irrespective of the activity in which players engaged.